पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२८५

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NUMERALS, PRONOUNS, INDECLINABLES 279 apart ' ; -var : sasvdr 4 secretly ' ; -ur : mtihur 4 suddenly 9 ; -i : s ami 4 half ' (usually in compounds, cf. Gk. rjpu-, Lat. semi-), pari 4 around ' ; -ti : a'ft/x 4 near 4 , prati 4 opposite, to- wards J ; -it : miihn 4 falsely maksu 4 immediately 4 (cf. Lat, mox), muku 4 suddenly 4 (cf. Av. m$rdzu°- 4 short Gk. f3paxvs) t anusthu 4 at once ’ ; -as : mithds 4 falsely Ay as 4 yesterday ' (: Gk. Lat. Am with additional suffix), si‘<is 4 tomor- row ' (as opposed to r-stem in Av. sur- 'morning'), avds 4 down adhas ‘ id prdyas 1 generally sadyds , sadivas 4 to- day, immediately liras 4 across paras 4 beyond pur as 4 be- fore 4 ; -is : avis 4 openly AaAxs 4 outside 4 ; -us : anyedyus 4 on the following day ', prddus 4 forth to view * ; -at : dr aval 4 quickly drahydt 4 stoutly J (RV. once), isat 4 a little 1 ; -it : pradaksinil 4 so as to keep something to the right ', cikitvit ; -ad : smi/, sumdt 4 with 1 (: Av. mat) ; -A : jyok 4 lor a long time 4 (cf. Lat. did). A number of adverbs functioning as verbal prefixes have the form of uninflected thematic stems, namely dva 4 down ’, apa 4 away from 4 (; Gk. ano), upa 4 up to, near 4 (: Gk. vno 4 under 4 ), and prd 4 fprth 4 (Gk. npo, etc.). Since the thematic suffix was originally Used for the formation of adjectives, words of this type may be regarded as fossilized adjectival stems without in- flection which have acquired the function of prepositions and verbal prefixes. The above adverbs are formed on the same lines as the corre- sponding nominal stems. Other adverbs contain specifically adverbial suffixes. The more important of these are as follows : -tas : This suffix makes adverbs which have in general an ablatival sense : itds 4 from here 4 , tdtas 4 from there anydlas 4 from another place 4 , daksinatds 4 from the right, on the right hrttds 4 from the heart etc. In some, cases such forms function like forms of the ablative case : sarvato bhaydi 4 from all fear 4 , kutas cid desad dgatya 4 coming from some district or other It has already been pointed out that this formation may be explained as deriving from the gen.-abl. of old ^-sterns. When simple ^-formations became rare forms of the type daksinat-ds were reinterpreted as daksina-tds, etc., and a new adverbial suffix created. Corresponding formations appear in other IE languages : Av. x'ato 4 of oneself 4 , aiwito 4 around O. Pers. haca paruviyata 4 from of old amata 4 from there 4 , Gk. £kt6$ 4 outside Lat. funditus, caelitus, etc.