पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२७९

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NUMERALS, PRONOUNS, INDECLINABLES 273 contexts appears to be ' the same, one it should perhaps be connected with the IE root sem- 4 one rather than with this pronoun. The stems esd-jetd- and sydjtyd- alternate in the same way as sajia The former of these is compounded e-, which is the ay- oi the ay dm- pronoun, and the above stem sa/ta-. The combina- tion appears also in Avestan (nom. sg. masc. aefa, aeso, fem. aesa, nt. aetat) but not elsewhere in IE. The pronoun sydjtyd - appears mainly in the RV. There are a small number of occurrences in the later preclassical literature, and even in early Pali texts (Jat. 'tyamhi, tydsu), but it is not used in the classical language, although it is recognised by the grammarians. Out- side Indo-Aryan the only corresponding forms are 0. Pers, hyajlya used as a relative pronoun in place of Skt. Av. yd-. The interrogative pronoun kd- 4 who ? * is declined regularly according to the pronominal declension with the exception of the nom. acc. sg. nt. Mm, beside which the RV. has also kdi (: Av. kat, Lat. quod , Goth, ha) formed regularly from the a- stem. In Indo-European there existed both an a-stem (Skt. kd-s, Av. kd, Lith. kds, Goth, has, etc.) and an r-stem (Gk. tL$, Lat. quis, Hitt. kwis). Indo-Iranian had likewise both forms of stem, and this state of affairs is continued in Iranian : Av. nom. sg. (is, acc. sg. Urn nom. pi. cayo , etc. The tendency in Sanskrit has been to eliminate this form of the pronoun. An isolated interrogative Ms is quoted once from the RV., elsewhere this form only occurs in the combinations nd-kis and md-kis 4 no one 4 (; Av. nai-cis, md-cis). A particle klm of the same forma- tion as Im, sim , which occurs in combinations like nd-klm , mi-ktm (cf. Av. nae-Sim , tnd-cim) also belongs here. The only ki- form which maintains itself in the regular paradigm is nom. acc. sg. nt. Mm. This form does not correspond to that found in other IE languages, which has the normal pronominal -d of the neuter (Hitt, kwit, Lat. quid Av. lit, etc.). This form is preserved in Sanskrit in the enclitic particle cit (kdscit ‘ any- body '), from which the existence of an interrogative *cid may be inferred at an earlier stage of the language. How the final -m should be explained is not quite clear, but the existence of the Avestan particle am would seem to indicate that it is at least of Indo-Iranian date, and further connections with the Latin adverbial termination in inter -im t olim, and of Skt. kimcit with Arm. in-c 4 something ' have been suggested. The restora-