पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२७५

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NUMERALS, PRONOUNS, INDECLIN ABLES 269 8wa- 4 thy *). It is pointed out above how the stem of such adjectives is adapted as a gen. sg. In their place there are some fresh creations of Sanskrit, e g. mdmaka tdvakd- with vrddhi, based on the gen. sg. ; mdmakina etc. ; madly a , tvadlya asmadlya -, yusmadiya- , based on the compositional stem ; matka - ‘ mine etc. Substitution of some honorific term for the singular of the second personal pronoun is a characteristic shared by Sanskrit with many languages. To some extent the plural serves this purpose, as in English, etc. (yuyam me guravah 4 you are my teacher '), but the normal substitute is bhavdn (stem bhavant-) 4 your honour ' with the third person singular of the verb. The word is an irregular contraction of bhdgavdn 1 the fortunate, blessed one which is itself used in this way. The vocative bhos ( <bhagavas) which is still further contracted, preserves the old Vedic form of the vocative. Substitutes for the old, reflexive pronoun are provided by the nouns tanu- 4 body ' and atmdn- 4 soul The former is so used in the Vedic language (stir a updkd tanvdm dddhdnah 4 placing himself near the sun ') and the usage is paralleled in Avestan. It disappears in this usage in the classical language, but derivatives of it appear in later dialects of the North-West (N.W. Prakrit tanuvaka-, tanuvaga- ‘ one's own Torwali tanu 4 id etc.). The classical alternative atmdn- appears also in the RV., and supersedes the other word from the early prose onwards. Demonstrative , Interrogative and Relative Pronouns Sg. N. m. sd-s, f. sd, n f tdd t A. m. tarn, f. tam, n. tad , I. m. n. tena f f. tdyd ; D. m. n. tdsmai , f. tdsyai, Ab. m. n. tdsmdt , f. tdsyds, G. m. n. tasya, f. tdsyas , L. m. n. tasmin , f. tdsydm. Du. N.A. m. tau s f. n. td, I.D. Ab. m. f. n. tabhydm , G.L. m. f. n. tayos. PI. N. m. U, f. tas } n. ia t tint , A. m. tan, f. tas, n. ta , tdni , I. m. n. tais, Ubhis , f. tdbhis, D. Ab, m. n. Ubhyas, f. ttibhyas, G. m. n. Us dm, f. tasdm , L. m. n. tesu, f. tasu. Those demonstrative, interrogative and relative pronouns whose stem ends in the thematic vowel inflect according to the above pattern. The masculine and neuter pronouns inflect partly in agreement with the nominal a-stems and the feminines partly in agreement with the a -stems. In addition they have