पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/२३९

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एतत् पृष्ठम् अपरिष्कृतम् अस्ति

THE DECLENSION OF NOUNS 233 Gscan {paler ei t regaturei, leginei) and Phrygian (FavaKrei). Elsewhere phonetic developments have obscured it (Lat. main, O. SI. materi , etc.). There has been some dispute about the original form of the dative ending, since alternatively the Greek infinitives in -at have been compared (Sd/imit, SoFevcu, Sovvai, etc.). But the existence in Greek of certain traces of the dative in -ex (dtFct^tAo?), shows that, whatever the explana- tion of these infinitives, they should be discounted in settling the form of the IE dative. Ablative Singular . A special form for the ablative singular, which elsewhere has the same form as the gen. sg., is found only in the declension of thematic stems : -at (-ad) in vfkdt, etc., Lat. lupo(d), This represents the IE state of affairs. In certain languages, notably in Italic and the later Avestan, this form is extended to other classes (Qsc. touiad ‘ civitate Lat. magis- trate, Av. adrat , garoit , etc.). In Slavonic this termination serves both for the ablative and the genitive of the thematic de- clension (O. SI. vluka). It is not possible to determine whether the final consonant was originally d or t. The vowel was b in ordinary nominal declension alternating with e in adverbial forms (Lat . facillumed). In the latter type the termination was accented (Skt. pascdf , sanat ) . The vowel was of circumflex quality (Lith. to] Gk. (dial.) rtbSe ' from here ’) indicating con- traction (-dd<-o-od), and this is reflected by occasional disyl- labic scansion in the Veda. Genitive- A blative Singular . The termination, which outside the thematic class combines the functions of the ablative and the genitive, is -as representing IE -es and -os. The difference between the two depended on accentuation, -es occurring in connection with the original terminational accent, - os in those cases (Gk. owfiaros, etc.) where the accent had become fixed on the root. This distinction is nowhere preserved, since in the various languages one or other form is generalised, e.g. -os in Gk. (awfiaros, ttoSos*) and -es (> is) in Latin (corporis, pedis , but O. Lat. regus, etc.). In addition there exists a reduced termina- tion -s which appears in conjunction with adjective and agent noun types with accented suffix. This appears in Sanskrit in connection with i- and w-stems (agnds, siinds ), in Avestan also in some r-stetns ( pitars ). In the i- and w-stems the form has spread from the adjectival typ^ to which it properly belongs, to the majority of action nouns (maids, dtos ). Only a few