पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/१८२

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THE FORMATION OF NOUNS ’I76 sidence ; security sdrma - ' flowing soma - f the pressed out juice of the soma plant ' (Av. haoma -), stoma - hymn of praise homa- ' offering The customary alternation of accent be- tween substantive and adjective appears in srdma- ‘ lameness ' and srdmd- ‘ lame The gradation -amd appears in dasamd - ' tenth ' (i.e. dasam-a-, Lat, decimus ; ddsa, decern ) p saptamd 'seventh' (after which astanid- 4 eighth madhyamd- 4 middlemost adhamd - ‘ lowest ' (Lat. infimus), paramd- ' furthest, highest From the ordinal saptamd- there is extracted tama which is applied to other numerals ( vimsatitama etc.). This is identical with the super- lative suffix - tama which presumably arose in the same way : dntama - * nearest, most intimate ' (Av. ant9ma-, Lat, intimus ), uttamd- ‘ highest ugrdtama- 4 strongest midhustama- ' most gracious mat Hama- ' most motherly rainadhdtama- ' most wealth-giving etc., etc. A compound suffix - ima appears rarely : agritna- ' foremost and in combination with other suffixes, krtrima - ' artificial ', bhidelima- ‘ fragile etc. Other combinations of suffixal m are -mi : (masc.) urmi- 'wave' (Av. varzmi-, AS. wielm ), rasmi- f rein, ray ’ ; (fem.) bhumi- ' earth ' ; -mi, (fern.) laksmi ' mark, sign surmi 1 tube J ; -md : him a ' cold season J , ksuma 4 flax §16. The Suffixes i and u These two suffixes, like the other suffixes, had in Indo- European a gunated form, ei, ei$, and a weak form, i, u , depend- ing on the position of the accent. They could also be vrddhied under the same circumstances as the other suffixes, and in general they develop on the same lines. The neuters were the most primitive type, and on the basis of these, adjectives could be formed by accenting the suffix, old neuters may be trans- ferred to the masc, -fem. class, a process which is very common in the case of these suffixes ; there are neuter thematic ex- tensions, and adjectives are formed by adding the accented thematic vowel. They combine with other suffixes in the usual way ; of these combinations the suffixes -ira, - in , -ina, - ri , -ni, - 1 var , - vara , -ura, -van, - vana , -una, -vant } - ru , -nu, -is, -us, - yas , - vas , - isa , -usa , -it, - ut , -vat, - ti , - tu , -ima, -mi have already been mentioned. Neuter nouns in -i are rare ; it is a type that early tended to become extinct, largely by the transference of such stems to the