पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/१६६

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एतत् पृष्ठम् अपरिष्कृतम् अस्ति

l6o THE FORMATION OF NOUNS drus- 4 wound dyus- 4 length of life tapus - ' heat tdrus- ' victory ', ydjus - ' sacrificial formula vapus- ‘ beauty pdrus- 4 knot {of plants) dhdnus - * bow An alternative n-ex tension appears in dhdnvan- 4 bow 1 and parvan - ' joint and the simple western iyu nt. appears as well as dyu-s- (cf. also aru- in arun- tuda - ), In the same way 5 is added to the i-suffix to produce the compound suffix -is. Of these neuter nouns jyotis- 4 light and vydthis- 4 perturbation 1 are accented on the root according to the general rule. In the rest the original accent system has been disturbed, and they appear with accent on the suffix: arcis- ‘ flame ’ (also transferred to feminine), chardts- 4 pro- tection, cover barhts- 1 bedding, straw ’ (Av bardzis-), rods- /v T r ' < ‘ light vartis - 4 track socts- 4 flame sarpis - ‘ butter’ (Gk. ZXttos with simple 5-stem), havis- ‘ oblation kravts- 4 raw flesh ’ (simple i-stem in dkravihasta- 4 whose hands are not bloody cf. also kravyd-, Lith. kraujas , etc.). The neuters in -as can be turned into adjectives and agent nouns by the usual process of suffixal accentuation associated with vrddhi of the nom. sg. The neuter and adjectival types appear side by side in the case of dpas - ‘ work ' : apds - 4 active taras- ‘ energy, force ’ ; tards- 4 forceful ' ; ydsas- 1 beauty, glory ' : yasds- 4 beautiful ’ ; tydjas- 4 leavings something let go of ' : tyajds- 1 offspring ' ; mdhas - 4 greatness * : mahds - ** ‘great"; rdksas- ‘injury, damage’: raksds- ‘demon’; duvas- 4 worship ’ : duvds - ‘ worshipping Other examples of the adjectival formation are tavds - 4 strong tosds- ‘ bestowing dhvards- 4 deceiving yajds - ' worshipping ’ and vesds- 4 neigh- bour The same antithetic types appear in Greek : pev&os 4 falsehood * : pev^s ‘ false etc. From the compound suffix -vas there are some adjectival formations. The usual antithesis of the two types is seen by comparing vdrivas- nt. ‘ expanse ’ on the one hand, and okivds - C**- masc. ' accustomed to, familiar ' on the other. Formations of the same type are seen in midhvas- 4 liberal dasvas - 4 worship- u^^Ojping ’ and sahvds- 4 overcoming which inflect like perfect par- ticiples. On the other hand in fbhvas - ' skilful ’ and Sikvas- 4 id.’ are influenced in form and accentuation by the coexisting van- stems. There is a special connection between the adjectival suffixes - van and -vas in Sanskrit, because the latter is used to make the vocative singular of stems in the former (rtdvas, vibhdvas , etc. ; likewise of vantf-stems : rayivas , bhagavas,