पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/१६१

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THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 155 From the simple w-suffix we have the suffix -and which is used in the formation of middle participles of the type adand- ( eating duhdnd- * milking, etc/ Skt. addnd - is a thematic formation corresponding to the non-thematic Lat. edo-dnis. A formation of exactly the same kind is Lat. coldnus, but such are exceedingly rare. There is final accent in the above examples, and in the perfect participles, bubudhand- ' waking etc. ; but in the reduplicating presents and in the desiderative, initial accent. Other formations of this type are rare : samdnd- 4 same, common a thematic extension of a masculine n- stem such as appears in Goth, sama (as sdmana- nt. is an extension of a corresponding neuter n-stem) and pur and- r ancient *. On the basis of the man-suffix there are middle participles in -amdna, ydjamdna- ‘ sacrificing etc. It is based on that form of the neuter men- stem which is attached toThe root with the thematic vowel : Gk. inf., etc. The vrddhied mas- culines corresponding to this type are represented by such forms as Gk. rjyefiwv ‘ leader inySt/wiv ' one who cares for Them- atic extension of such a type produces the Skt. type ydjamdna-. In the thematic conjugations to which this type of participle is attached, the stable verbal accent prevails. This type of parti- cipial formation is peculiar to Sanskrit, since the most closely related types of participle (Av. yaz9tnna-> Gk. <f>ep6p.evos) are differently formed, in the manner indicated above. As has happened in other cases it was by adaptation that such forma- tions acquired the status of. middle participles, and this adapta- tion seems to have been comparatively late, since such parti- ciples are known from only a small section of Indo-European. There is a parallel series of formations in - asand , most of which have the character of pseudo-participles. Such are : jr ay asand 4 far-extending namasdnd- 4 rendering homage a*! A«'(^)bAiydsdna- 4 fearing mandasdna- 4 rejoicing vrdhasand- 4 growing savasdna- 4 strong arsasdnd- 4 injuring sahasdna- 1 overpowering In many cases there exists a neuter - as - stem beside these formations (jrdyas-, ndmas- t savas -, sdhas-) . We have seen that the neuter as-stems were capable of taking the extension rjn. On the basis of the saw-stem produced by such an extension (*ndmasa?i-, etc.) these adjectives have been produced by the combined method of vrddhi of the suffix and addition of the accented thematic vowel. It will also be observed that they bear