THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 153 4 nursling * (cf, alimones, alimonia ), Gk. urtpcuvos ' hard the A vest an middle participles in -mna, yazzmna-, etc., and the corresponding Greek participles with guna (<f>ep6fievos, etc.). The two types differ in the same way as - vanaj-una , -varaj-Ura, stc. The corresponding Sanskrit participles with vrddhi will be treated below. (xi) There are a few r thematic adjectives based on the suffix ~$an : krsna - ‘ black ' (: 0. Pruss. kirsna 0. SI. crunti), ilaksnd- ' smooth akstta- 1 oblique ' (adv. aksnaya) , tiksna- 4 sharp krtsnd- all ' ; also a few substantives of adjectival origin : pyuksna- ' covering for a bow hdliksna - 1 a kind of animal ; a particular part of the intestines mrtsna- masc, nt.
- dust, powder desnd- nt. 4 gift 1 (' what is given J ). With
different gradations of suffix kardsna- ' arm vadhasnd- masc. or nt. * deadly weapon ' ; Pusand- beside Pusan „ (cf. satvand- and sdtvan duvasana- ‘ going far (or the like) (xii) Apart from cyautnd- 4 stirring nt. 1 exploit 1 (: Av. syaoOna -) the suffixes -tna and -tana are specialised in connec- tion with adverbs of time (cf. the similar use of -tar a in dlvdtara-): ntitana ntitna - 4 belonging to the present time pratnd- ' old sandtdna- * eternal adyatana 1 of today hyastana- ' of yes- terday ', etc. In the above examples we have a series of adjectives all formed in the same way by the addition of the accented thematic vowel to the various r- and n- suffixes. It has been pointed out that these suffixes were capable of taking the ex- tension -t, and there are a few adjectival forms which are based on such an extension. An example from an r-stem is muhurtd - 4 moment f from muhur (: Av. m&rzzu- 1 short of time). Re- ference has already been made to certain formations showing Prakritic tendencies, karmatha-, harmuta. From the «~suffix extended by t there are a number of thematic formations which to judge by their accent were originally adjectival, vasantd - ' spring ' (cf. vasar °), vesanta- 4 pond * {J’vis ‘where rainwater settles ') and with weak grade of suffix avoid - 4 well Based on the man- suffix there are hemanta- 4 winter simdnta - ' parting of the hair 1 (: siman- 1 id. boundary ') and asmanta - ‘ fire- place f ; on vanjun, sakunta- 1 bird ' beside iakuna - (also sakuni-, sakunti - with f-suffix, cf. sdkvan-, etc.). In pdrvata- 1 mountain which we may compare with Hitt, peruna per unant- 4 rock there is another variant of the weak form of
