of the Artillergy sphere, and other Instrurizits : BOT then repreBonds the place of tho stun at the moment upon the sphere Measure, by a stick, bha distance of that extremity from the point of sunrise or of sunset: this will be the chord of that part of the diurnal circle which is integoepted between Bhe Sun's actual position and the point at which he roBe, or will st: the value of the corresponding are in nfdis may be ascertained by applying tho stick to the !osser graduated cirole. The result is ८he time since suntise, or till sunset. 'The f* wheel ' (;br&} is a G¥y sirple instrument to obtaining, by observation, the Sun's altitude and zenibh-distance. It is simply a wheel, suspended by a string, graduated to dogrees, having its lowant point and the extremities of its borizontal diameter distinctly marked, and with a projecting peg at the centre. When used, its edge in turned boward the sun, so that the Bhadow of the peg falls upon the graduated periphery, and the distates of the point where it meets the latter trom the horizontal and lowest points of the wheel respectively bxa the equired altitude and 2€nibh-distance of the sun. From the8e, by the methods of the third chapter (i. B7.89), the time may be derived Th® a¥e (ahanus) is the lower half of the instrurmont just described —Ir, we may also suppose, a quadrant of it; since only a quadrant is required for making the obbervations for which the instrument is employed . 21. By Waterinstruments, the vessel (kuptle), etc., by the peacock, man, monkey, and by stringed sand-receplacles, one may determine time accurately. 22. Quicksilver-oles, water, and sords, rope (gulbul), and oil and water. mercury, and sand are used in these : those applica.
- ions, too, are difficult
१ ॥ 'The instruments and methods hinked at in these verses are only pl. tialiy and obscurely explained by the commentator. The kepal, cup ox * homisphere, is doubbles£ »he instrumenb which is particularly des . cribed belowin verse 23, 1he bro, nam, is also spoken of below, in vs'se 24, and is simply a knomon; it is perhaps one of a particula¥ construction and size , and so named from having about the height of a man, The peacock and monkey are obscure. The ** 5and-vessels (regarbha), which are + provided with cords "" (.8%tro), are probably suspended instruments, of bhe genoral character of our hous-glasses. The commenfator connects then also with peacock, as if the letter were a figure of the bird having such a vessel in his interior, and letting Bhe Band pour out of his mouth. In illustration of the quickSilver-holes (piredir¢) a passage is cited from the Siddhanta-tionapi (es above}, giving the description of an instrument in which they are applied. It is a