of the Projection of Eclipses 17a by seventy its value in minutes. The second circle ig employed (see below ४. 6, ) in determining the points of contact and B8paration . The third reprosents the eclipsed body itself, always maintaining a fixed post tion in the centre of the figure, even though, in a lunar eclipse, it is the body which itself moves, relatively to the eclipsing ghadow, For the acale by which the measures of the eclipsed and eclipsing bodies. the latitude8, etc. , are determined, see above, iv. 26 . The method of laying down the cardinal directions is the sanne with that used in constructing a tiial: it is described in the first passage of the third chapte2 (iii, 1-4). 'The specifications of the latter half of verse 4 apply to the eclipsed body, dosignatin upon which side of it obscuration will commence and terminate. 5. In a , huma eclipse, the defection (alth) or the con. tact is to be laid of in its own proper direction, but that for ahe separation in reverse; in an eclipse of the sun, the contrary is the C&S€ The accompanying figure (Fig. 27 ) will illustrate the Hindu method of exhibiting, by a projection, the various phases of an eclipse. Its conditions ze those of the lunar eclipse of Feb. 6th, 1860, as determined by the data ond methods of this trease : for the calculation see the Ag pendix. Let M bo the centre of the fgure und the place of the moon, and !et NS and EW be the circlos of direction drawn through the moon's centbre; the former representing (see above, under iv. 24, 25) a great circle drawn through the north and south points of the horizon, the latte a small circlo parallel to the prime vertical In explanation of the manner in which these directions are presented by the figure, we would remark Bhat we have adapted it to १ supposed position of the obsever on bhe north side of his projection, as at N, and looking bouthword= position which, in our latitude. he would naturally assume, for the purpose of comparing the actual phases of the eclipse, as they occurr©d. with his delineation of them. I'he heavier circle, ], is that draw with the sum of the semi-diameters, or the aggregate-sirole; while the outer one, NESW, is that for the defection. This, in order to reduce the size of the whold figure, we have drawn upon a scale very much Rmaller than that prescibed; its relative dimensions being a matter of no consequence whatever, provided the sine of the defection be made com. mensurate with its radius. In ou¥ own, or the Greek, method of laying of an , by its angula value, the radius of the circle of detection would also be a matter of indifference: the Hindusignoring angular measurements, adopt the more awkward and bunging method of jaying of bhe are b
