20 PI. Thus II* dhāta->PIA* dhāta-, PI* dāta-; II* maugha-> PIA* maugha- (OIA mogha-), PI* mauga- (Av. maoya-); II*az'ham> PIA * azham (OIH aham), PI* azam (Av. azam, OP adam); II *bhavati > PIA bhavati, PI* bavati (Av. bavaiit, OP bavatiy); II* jhanti > PIA* jhanti (OIA hanti), PI *zanti (Av. jainti); etc.' (6) The voiced sibilants (z', z',z'h, 2h including i, jh)are retained in PI but they are changed intojl<, j) or h (<z'h, jh) when intervocal in PIA. Before an unvoiced consonant i I *z, j become so in PI and ch in PIA. Thus : II *yaz'ati > PI *yaz'ati, PIA yajati ; II *jas'svati > PI *jasati (Av. jasaiti), PIA *jacchati; (for gacchati); II* iz'ta-> PI ista-, PIA işta-. (c) Before a voiced consonant II z',z", a'h become zor ó' in PIA but are lost subsequently. In conse- quence there is a mutation of the preceding short vowel and a following dental is cerebralised. Thus : II* azdhi > PIA* ardhi > OIA edhi (Av. zdī); II* mazdhā> PIA *mazdhā> OIA medhā (Av. mazdā); (I* nizda-> *niz'da-> PIA niz'da->OIA nida-;' II*uz'hta->PIA* uz'dhr<OIA ūąha-. (d) Glidic (or non-glidic) s and in a consonant group is disappearing in PIA. Thus: II *badhsta- (<badh-t-1.1-)> PI basta-, PIA baddhi-; II*vidvazd- this->> PIA ridvadbhis; etc. (e) Final -50 (i.e. the palatalised s after i or u) in sandhi position before a vowel or a voiced consonant becomes voiced zu which becomes r in OIA. Thus : Il* nis-āyam 'I came out'> PI, PIA* niz'dijām Pali nedda (<nidda-?) presupposes not the less of PIA z' ittub assimilation with the following d (<d).
