BRAHMASPHUTASIDDHANTA & KHANDAKHADYAKA evaluation of unknown values (mulya-pradariana of avyakta mulya (30); and the theory of pulveriser (Kuttaka) (32, 33). In this chapter. Äryabhata gives the solutions of quadratic equa- tions, and thus he earns for himself the credit of founding the science of algebra. 64 (iii) The Kalakriya Pada with 25 verses, which enumerates the units of time [1 year (varsa) 12 months (masa); 1 month 30 days (divasa); 1 day -60 nadis; 1 nadi-60 vinadi; vinadi or vinādika is the same as vighatika equivalent to our 24 seconds: nädi or nadikā or ghati is equal to 24 minutes]¹; correlation of time division with the kşetra-division or angular division,² Twelve signs of Zodiac or rafis go to constitute a bhagana"; solar day (ravimasa), lunar day (sasi masa); additional month or intercalary month (adhimäsa); various kinds of years the solar year is human or manusya year; 30 human years 1 pity year; 12 pity years 1 divya year (divine year); 12.000 divya years constitute a yuga (6. 7. 8); the first half of the yuga is utsarpini kala, and the latter half is avasarpin kala and they are calcula- ted from the apex of the Moon (candrouca) (this is not very clear) (9); a yuga is of 60 years, and such 60 yugas, that is 3,600 years had passed away since the kaliyuga, when the author was of 23 years of age (10); the count of a yuga, year, month and १. वर्षं द्वादशमासास्त्रिंशदिवसो भवेत् स मासस्तु । षष्टिर्नाड्यो दिवसष् षष्टिस्तु विनाडिका नाडी || २. गुवंदराणि षष्टिर्विनाडिकाच षडेव वा प्राणाः । एवं कालविभागः क्षेत्रविभागस्तथा भगरयात् ॥ यावता कालेन षष्टिगुर्धचरायुच्चरति मध्यमया वृत्या पुरुषः । सावान्काल आदीं विनाडिका । ...यावता कालेन पुरुषः घडुच्छ वासान् करोति, तावान्कालश्चार्थी विनाडिका स्यात् । (परमादीश्वर) -Arya. III. 1. ३. चन्द्रोऽ शैदशभिरविक्षिप्तोऽर्कान्तर स्थितैश्यः । नवभिभृगुभ गोस्तैद्] [यधिकैर्यथाश्र्लक्ष्णाः ॥ -Arya. III, 2. Just as we have the time division, similarly we have the kaetra division or the circular angular division. A year has twelve months, so do we have 12 rasi in a bhagana. One-thirtieth of a rãsi is one bhaga: one-sixtieth of a bhaga is one liptä; one-sixtieth of a lipta in one vilipta and one-sixtieth of a vilipta is one tatpara. Arya. IV. 4.
